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The sixth Wicked Symposium gathered policymakers, investors, scholars, corporate innovation managers and experts to explore what happens to wicked problems when AI enters the room.

Fergus Burnett/51�Թ�� Business School

1 minute read

Next-Generation Climate Finance Solutions Take Centre Stage at the 2026 Climate Investment Challenge

Evie Burrows-Taylor — Wed, 01 Jul 2026 14:43:50 +0000

Next-Generation Climate Finance Solutions Take Centre Stage at the 2026 Climate Investment Challenge

Evie Burrows-Taylor Wed, 01/07/2026 - 14:43

1 July 2026

Two teams took the top prizes: AquaRisk Horizon, a marine risk-analytics platform from New York University, in the Climate Data Analytics track, and the Specialty Crops Resilience Fund, a blended-finance pilot for Indian smallholder farmers from 51�Թ��, in the Innovative Financing Mechanisms track. Now in its seventh year and organised by 51�Թ�� College Business School students and the Centre for Climate Finance and Investment, the Challenge held its 2026 final in London on 11 June, where the eight finalist teams pitched to a panel of expert judges.

The Challenge could not have happened without its generous sponsors (General Atlantic, Hitachi, Morgan Stanley and the Centre for Climate Finance and Investment (CCFI) and Centre for Sectoral Economic Performance (CSEP), both at 51�Թ��).

Following a rigorous evaluation process, the teams had been shortlisted across two tracks: Climate Data Analytics and Innovative Financing Mechanisms.

New for 2026, the Climate Data Analytics track focused on tools, models, and decision-support systems that help investors assess climate-related risks and opportunities with greater precision. The Innovative Financing Mechanisms track continued the Challenge’s focus on investable structures, including funds, bonds, securitisation vehicles, and blended finance models designed to deploy capital at scale. Together, the two tracks showcased the breadth of innovation emerging across climate finance, from analytics platforms and transition risk tools to financing vehicles for infrastructure, agriculture, and nature-based solutions. The two-track structure reflects where climate finance is heading: better data and new financial instruments increasingly advance together, since capital follows credible risk measurement, and risk measurement matters only when it helps unlock investment.

The Innovative Financing Mechanisms finalists included Tilo Cooperativo Fund from UC Berkeley, Social Housing Infrastructure Project from University College London, Geopulse Syndicate Fund from Copenhagen Business School, and Specialty Crops Resilience Fund from 51�Թ��. The Climate Data Analytics finalists included AquaRisk Horizon from New York University, Climate360 from 51�Թ��, SIGDRI from University College London, and the Climate Transition Financing Ratio Tool from Columbia University.

The judging panel included: Ashley Edwards (Morgan Stanley), Cornelia Gomez (General Atlantic), Robert Kosowski (51�Թ��) and Rowan Douglas (Centre for Climate Finance and Investment, 51�Թ��). The quality of submissions impressed the panel of senior leaders and academics from across the climate finance ecosystem. Cornelia Gomez, Managing Director and Global Head of Sustainability at General Atlantic, reflected on the calibre of the participants: “Judging this challenge was a genuine reminder of the talent and quality of the next generation of leaders entering this field; the command of financial and sustainability-linked thinking from the teams was exceptional.”

Robert Kosowski, Professor at 51�Թ�� Business School, added: “I was impressed by the quality of the presentations, students’ passion for their topics and how students leveraged their work experience and classwork to propose novel solutions. I wish the candidates all the best and hope that their ideas will have the impact they envisaged.” In addition to the judges’ constructive feedback, the winning teams will receive mentoring and technical feedback from Hitachi’s R&D lab.

The winning team in the Climate Data Analytics track was AquaRisk Horizon, developed by Juyeon Kim and Jangho Lee from New York University. AquaRisk Horizon addresses a critical blind spot in aquaculture finance: while many physical risk tools assess damage to fixed infrastructure, they often fail to capture how changing ocean conditions affect living aquatic assets. The platform translates location-specific marine stressors into biological risk indicators and lender-facing credit metrics, including asset-level climate risk scores, debt service coverage impacts, and climate-adjusted probability of default.

The team brings together strong scientific and commercial expertise. Jangho Lee is a postdoctoral researcher at NYU with a background in Earth and Environmental Science from Seoul National University and a PhD from Texas A&M University. His research experience in climate modelling, climate impacts, Python, AI, and diffusion models supports the technical foundation of the platform. Juyeon Kim brings engineering, strategy, and business experience, including prior roles at Samsung Electronics and Daelim, alongside MBA training at NYU Stern. Together, the team combines climate science, biological risk modelling, and financial translation.

The winning team in the Innovative Financing Mechanisms track was Specialty Crops Resilience Fund, developed by an 51�Թ�� team led by Dwaipayan Chakraborty, with Summer Hong, Sofian Kurniawan, Snigdha Kyathari, and Rajeshwari H S. The proposal is a £5 million blended finance pilot designed to support Indian smallholder farmers growing climate-resilient specialty crops, beginning with makhana (fox nut) in Bihar and later expanding to saffron and turmeric.

The fund tackles a structural financing challenge faced by smallholder farmers: limited access to bank-recognised collateral often forces farmers into distress sales, reducing income and weakening incentives to maintain climate-positive agricultural systems. In essence, the fund pays farmers a fair price for their crops up front and shares in the gains when those crops sell well, so growers are not forced to sell cheaply after a poor season. Specialty Crops Resilience Fund proposes a structure combining advance purchase agreements, warehouse inventory collateral, escrow waterfalls, parametric insurance, and a Convertible Revenue Right mechanism. The model aims to improve farmer liquidity and income while preserving carbon-stable agricultural landscapes and creating an investable pathway for climate-resilient agriculture.

Together, the two winning teams illustrate the ambition of the 2026 Climate Investment Challenge. AquaRisk Horizon strengthens the information layer behind climate finance by translating ocean stress into actionable credit metrics. Specialty Crops Resilience Fund demonstrates how blended finance can unlock capital for underserved agricultural communities while supporting farmer resilience and climate-positive land use. Their solutions highlight the role of student-led innovation in advancing practical, investment-ready responses to climate challenges. From risk analytics to investable financing structures, the 2026 cohort points to a wider trend: the practical tools needed to move capital toward climate solutions are increasingly being built by the next generation of finance professionals.

Find out more about the Climate Investment Challenge here.

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The 2026 Climate Investment Challenge brought together student-led climate finance solutions from more than 30 institutions across five continents

Participants in this year's Climate Investment Challenge. Source: 51�Թ�� Business School

4 minute read

Global experts explore new ways to navigate an uncertain future

Lou Lee — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 10:15:24 +0000

Global experts explore new ways to navigate an uncertain future

Lou Lee Mon, 14/04/2025 - 10:15

8 September 2026 News

Global experts explore new ways to navigate an uncertain future

7 September 2026 News

51�Թ�� Business School academics take to the stage in Lisbon

29 July 2026 News

51�Թ�� launches UK’s first master’s degree focused on AI’s economic and policy impact

8 September 2026

Researchers from across the world gathered at 51�Թ�� Business School on 1–2 September for the Risk Sciences Annual Conference 2026, hosted by the Centre for Climate Finance and Investment (CCFI) in partnership with Tsinghua University’s School of Economics and Management.

The two-day conference explored how new approaches to risk analysis can help decision-makers navigate an increasingly complex world – from climate change and biodiversity loss to financial instability, cyber threats, artificial intelligence and supply chain disruption.

Bringing together expertise from economics, finance, mathematics, computer science, engineering and the life sciences, the programme highlighted the value of looking beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. Sessions examined topics including sustainable finance, nature-related risks, voluntary carbon markets, AI and machine learning, macro-financial risks, insurance, and climate finance.

A series of plenary and parallel sessions featured leading researchers from leading universities and research institutions across Europe, Asia and North America. Discussions ranged from monitoring tropical forests and quantifying cyber risk, to understanding how AI can be made safer and how financial systems can better share and manage risk.

“The risks we face today are increasingly interconnected, and understanding them requires us to look beyond traditional boundaries. This conference brought together researchers from different disciplines to share ideas, challenge assumptions and develop new approaches to managing uncertainty.”

Professor Enrico Biffis

Professor of Actuarial Finance and Academic Director of CCFI

The conference also saw the inaugural Ken Seng Tan Award, recognising outstanding interdisciplinary research that advances the field of risk sciences. The award went to Fabio Maccheroni, Massimo Marinacci, Ruodu Wang and Qinyu Wu for their paper Risk Aversion and Insurance Propensity, which offers a new way to understand how people respond to uncertainty through their willingness to use insurance.

By convening leading academics and experts from around the world, the conference underlined 51�Թ�� Business School’s commitment to research that is rigorous, relevant and connected to real-world challenges.

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From climate change to AI, leading researchers explored how better risk analysis can help build a more resilient future.

1 minute read

Climate resilience in focus at London Climate Action Week

Lou Lee — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 10:15:24 +0000

Climate resilience in focus at London Climate Action Week

Lou Lee Mon, 14/04/2025 - 10:15

8 September 2026 News

Global experts explore new ways to navigate an uncertain future

7 September 2026 News

51�Թ�� Business School academics take to the stage in Lisbon

29 July 2026 News

51�Թ�� launches UK’s first master’s degree focused on AI’s economic and policy impact

29 June 2026

Delivered in collaboration with General Atlantic, the event reflected the Centre for Climate Finance and Investment's (CCFI) growing role as a convenor of interdisciplinary expertise on climate risk and finance. Discussions explored how climate-related risks such as extreme weather are increasingly affecting economic stability, infrastructure, and investment decisions, and how organisations are adapting their approach to managing these risks over the long term.

The event opened with a keynote from Abigail Ng, Chief Sustainability Officer at the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), who highlighted climate resilience as a key part of protecting economic security. This was followed by a panel discussion chaired by Rowan Douglas CBE, Honorary Practice Fellow at CCFI, and featuring Kemal Erçevik (Bank of England), Natasha Fowlie (General Atlantic), Paul Munday (S&P Global), Julian Wentzel (HSBC).

A central theme throughout the conversation was the need to integrate climate and nature risks into the core functioning of financial systems, rather than treating them separately. Speakers highlighted the importance of better data, shared standards, and clearer ways of measuring risk in order to improve decision-making across banking, insurance, regulation and investment.

“This is what CCFI is all about: a platform that brings together scholarly excellence and leading market participants to deliver effective solutions at scale.”

Dr Enrico Biffis

Academic Director of CCFI and Professor of Actuarial Finance

Rowan Douglas commented: “We now have our resilience priorities confirmed and an excellent community of financial-sector partners to mobilise with CCFI and 51�Թ��’s School of Convergence Science. Our mission is to help retrain the invisible hand to value resilience and better protect exposed assets and communities in the years and decades ahead.”

In closing remarks, Dr Enrico Biffis, Director of CCFI and Professor of Actuarial Finance and Academic, said: “This is what CCFI is all about: a platform that brings together scholarly excellence and leading market participants to deliver effective solutions at scale.”

The event underscored CCFI’s role within 51�Թ�� Business School as a bridge between academic research and industry practice, and highlighted ongoing collaboration with MAS and other partners to strengthen resilience in the face of growing climate challenges.

Panel speakers (from left to right): Natasha Fowlie (General Atlantic), Kemal Ercevik (Bank of England), Julian Wentzel (HSBC), Paul Munday (S&P Global), and Rowan Douglas (51�Թ�� Business School).

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The Centre for Climate Finance and Investment (CCFI) brought together leaders from finance, insurance, law, technology, policy and academia for an event on Climate Resilience & Economic Security during London Climate Action Week (20-28 June).

Abigail Ng and Rowan Douglas at London Climate Action Week

2 minute read

“Representation influences capital allocation” says Lara Cathcart at 51�Թ��’s third annual Women in Finance event

Shamita Harsh — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 10:15:24 +0000

“Representation influences capital allocation” says Lara Cathcart at 51�Թ��’s third annual Women in Finance event

Shamita Harsh Mon, 14/04/2025 - 10:15

8 September 2026 News

Global experts explore new ways to navigate an uncertain future

7 September 2026 News

51�Թ�� Business School academics take to the stage in Lisbon

29 July 2026 News

51�Թ�� launches UK’s first master’s degree focused on AI’s economic and policy impact

3 March 2026

Once characterised as a “boys’ club”, the finance sector is undergoing a cultural shift that is reshaping how decisions are made. Greater representation at senior levels is increasingly recognised as influencing how capital is allocated.

51�Թ�� Business School’s third annual Women in Finance event explored how women are influencing capital markets and redefining leadership across sustainable finance.

An investment narrative that is rooted in embracing change

The keynote address was delivered by Hortense Bioy, former Head of Sustainable Investing Research at Morningstar Sustainalytics, who focused on building a more sustainable and inclusive financial future. She explored how geopolitical uncertainty has reshaped sustainable investing strategies, creating both complexity and opportunity.

“The media often debates whether ESG is dead,” Bioy observed. “What we are witnessing right now is an evolution of practices, a recalibration by businesses and investors alike. What’s fading is a version of ESG that relied heavily on labels and was often disconnected from financial outcomes, to make room for pragmatism and realism.”

Her message underscored the importance of data-driven research and thoughtful analysis in navigating rapidly changing markets. She also offered advice to young women entering the sector, encouraging attendees to embrace opportunity: “Step beyond your comfort zone. Visibility and persistence matter. No is rarely the end.”

“Through events like Women in Finance, 51�Թ�� Business School reaffirms its commitment to advancing women across the financial sector, creating space for leadership, visibility and meaningful dialogue.”

Lara Cathcart

Professor of Finance, Academic Director for MSc Finance and MSc Risk Management and Financial Engineering

Improving gender inclusion in sustainable finance

The panel discussion, moderated by Fiona Frick, Finance Advisory Board Member and Founding Partner at Circe Invest, examined how female voices are shaping sustainable finance, impact investing and fintech.

Lise Renelleau, Head of Research and Innovation for the IQ Lab at HSBC Asset Management, reinforced the importance of measurable impact. She expressed optimism that as access to high-quality data improves, ESG – once perceived as a top-down imposition – is increasingly being integrated into portfolio construction and reporting. While AI and advanced technologies can enhance data analysis, she stressed that human judgement remains essential in translating information into meaningful insight.

Kamini Banga, Chair of the Banga Family Trust, reflected on her experience working in India, where workplace equity was less established when she began her career. From identifying public healthcare investment needs in rural communities to overseeing family enterprise, she highlighted the importance of a just transition in emerging markets.

Zoe Jankel, Vice President and Senior Credit Officer at Moody’s Ratings, spoke about cultural change within organisations. She noted a shift away from expectations that women must conform to traditionally masculine leadership styles. Increasingly, authenticity is recognised and valued at senior levels.

The evening concluded with remarks from Lara Cathcart, Academic Director for MSc Finance and MSc Risk Management and Financial Engineering. Acknowledging the significant evolution in the finance industry, she reflected that there are still male-dominated pockets, especially at the senior leadership level:

“Representation is not simply about equity; it directly influences how capital is allocated, how risk is assessed, and how innovation is fostered. Through events like Women in Finance, 51�Թ�� Business School reaffirms its commitment to advancing women across the financial sector, creating space for leadership, visibility and meaningful dialogue.”

Note: This article's headline was updated from: “Representation influences capital allocation” says Professor of Finance at 51�Թ��’s third annual Women in Finance event on 05.03.2026.

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51�Թ�� Business School’s event showcased female leaders driving sustainable investing, ESG innovation and long-term value creation.

Main image: 51�Թ�� Business School | Fergus Burnett

3 minute read

Alumni Blog: Ravi Varghese, Head of Sustainable Investing at a global asset management firm

Francesca Hoare — Tue, 04 Mar 2025 09:31:29 +0000

Alumni Blog: Ravi Varghese, Head of Sustainable Investing at a global asset management firm

Francesca Hoare Tue, 04/03/2025 - 09:31

9 July 2026 Alumni

Alumni Q&A: Florence Perramond, Climate Change, Management & Finance 2022

After building experience across venture capital investments, impact asset management and fundraising, Florence Perramond developed a strong focus on connecting capital with high-impact opportunities.

1 June 2026 Alumni

Lessons, insights and early career advice from 51�Թ�� Business School Master’s alumni

We recently caught up with some of our Master’s alumni, who reflected on their early careers after graduating from 51�Թ�� Business School. In this blog, they draw on their own experience to offer advice to those who are about to enter the job market.

29 May 2026 Alumni

Real career advice from 51�Թ�� MBA alumni

We recently caught up with alumni from 51�Թ�� Business School’s Full-Time MBA, Weekend MBA and Global Online MBA programmes, who shared insights and advice into succeeding in your career post-MBA studies. Read what they have to say in this blog.

20 February 2023

Alumni

If investors want businesses to clean up their act, they need a seat at the table. That’s according to Ravi Varghese, Head of Sustainable Investing at global asset management firm Epoch Investment Partners.

After seven years as an investment analyst, Ravi Varghese followed his interest in climate change by taking a role with Ceres, a sustainability organisation based in Boston. But he missed the cut and thrust of investment and went on to complete an MSc in Climate Change, Management & Finance at 51�Թ�� Business School in 2018.

“51�Թ��’s reputation at the intersection of science and technology and management really stood out, and its network has been incredibly helpful.”

Promoted at Epoch in New York after joining as an analyst in 2019, he is now in charge of environmental, social and governance (ESG) and, with his team, helps assess the implications of ESG issues for the firm’s portfolio of around 500 listed companies.

Dealing in controversy

Grappling with ethics is part of the job. Nothing, in his view, is off limits when it comes to applying the tools of ESG investing – from fossil fuels through to defence and Big Tech. “We don’t exclude any sectors; controversial industries are more likely to benefit from a thoughtful ESG approach.”

Investors had grown pessimistic about the prospects of hydrocarbons, he says, but when energy prices soared, many ESG investors found themselves without exposure to these pivotal companies.

“Some sectors have fallen out of favour, but we’ve always said these companies are central to the global economy and energy security and will continue to be so for the next 30 years,” he explains. “Many are making the transition to lower carbon energy, and we want to take part in that.”

It’s perfectly reasonable that the tech giants should be subject to scrutiny

Divesting from fossil fuels doesn’t reduce emissions, it simply shifts the ownership, “and if that ownership becomes opaque, it could make things worse.”

Big Tech, with its vast influence over societies and economies, is fraught with pitfalls for ESG investors, but can’t be ignored. “It’s perfectly reasonable that the tech giants should be subject to scrutiny,” he says. “As investors, we continue to think how we can be effective partners while challenging practices that could ultimately draw a backlash from society or regulators.”

If a client’s reputation is at stake, a company fails to reform or displays weak governance, then it may be time to depart. “One of the interesting things about ESG is that it merges the pragmatic reality of the corporate world with more complex issues around ethics and reputation.”

The growth of ESG

Even in the last three years, ESG has developed apace, says Ravi. “Not every asset manager had an ESG team then, which is very different today. ESG had to overcome a lot of scepticism… It means many things to many people, so definitions are important.”

In his role, Ravi often engages directly with companies to dive deeper into the detail around ESG performance, and he works closely with investment analysts in his company. Investor stewardship is another important pillar in ESG – increasingly, for instance, shareholders are asking businesses for plans to report and cut emissions and meet environmental and social targets. His team is also responsible for explaining the firm’s ESG philosophy to its clients.

Controversial industries are more likely to benefit from a thoughtful ESG approach

While formal qualifications aren’t a prerequisite for entering the ESG field, he’s grateful for the solid grounding delivered by his time at 51�Թ�� Business School.

“It gave me a foundation in climate science and the political, economic and technological tools for mitigating emissions. I think it really accelerated my ability to pursue this career. ESG is now being applied to so many different industries and asset classes, and it promises to be a really interesting journey.”

Ravi Varghese in brief

Completed the MSc in Climate Change, Management & Finance at 51�Թ�� Business School
Head of Sustainable Investing at global asset management firm
Worked as a senior associate at a non-profit organisation advocating for sustainability
Completed his undergraduate degree at Yale University

MSc Climate Change, Management & Finance

Sustainability

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3 minute read

Alumni case study: Making sustainability accessible

Francesca Hoare — Tue, 04 Mar 2025 09:31:29 +0000

Alumni case study: Making sustainability accessible

Francesca Hoare Tue, 04/03/2025 - 09:31

9 July 2026 Alumni

Alumni Q&A: Florence Perramond, Climate Change, Management & Finance 2022

1 June 2026 Alumni

Lessons, insights and early career advice from 51�Թ�� Business School Master’s alumni

29 May 2026 Alumni

Real career advice from 51�Թ�� MBA alumni

29 June 2021

Alumni

Ecofye is a climate action advisory that specialises in helping companies minimise their environmental impact and drive long-term competitive advantage. It was set up by Daniela Arroyo-Olson and Tiago Fachada, two entrepreneurs dedicated to saving the planet. They met while studying MSc Climate Change, Management & Finance at the Business School. Find out what they are doing to support SMEs with their sustainable goals, the launch of their new platform Ecofye+ and how you can join the green revolution today!

Our story

Our journey began back in 2019 when we saw there was a widespread awareness among businesses to take action against climate change, but not enough was being done to reduce environmental impacts and truly integrate sustainability into everyday business decisions.

There is still a great market pressure and demand for companies to become more sustainable and reduce their environmental impact. But it can be overwhelming to examine and analyse this effectively. And what does sustainability really mean? How can you measure it? To answer these questions requires the right expertise, and time to implement the required sustainable changes.

Given their limited resources, this problem is especially acute among SMEs. This discourages them from taking meaningful sustainability measures. But given SMEs make up 90% of the business landscape in the UK, there is great potential to deliver a shift in circularity, decarbonisation and social impact. We are passionate about supporting people to join the green revolution, so we decided to combine our expertise to help companies tackle their climate challenges and make a difference.

By improving our environmental impact can have real effect on our planet. That is why we are inviting everyone to join the race to net-zero as global leaders, governments and societies take important steps towards fighting climate change.

Ecofye maps out a company’s climate-related risks and opportunities to offer tailored and time efficient solutions, with the use of machine learning. We help companies find solutions that address the underlying causes of climate change. Our sustainability framework not only analyses SMEs sustainability performance but also to provide accurate solutions to accelerate climate action.

Future-proofing for sustainable business

We believe there's never been a more important time than now for companies to take action. And that wherever a company is on its journey, it is possible to achieve sustainability goals. Our mission at Ecofye is to support companies with this and help drive a long-term competitive advantage.

We recently launched the Ecofye + platform, with the aim of making sustainability accessible and affordable for all SMEs. It allows you to measure your sustainability performance for free via the platform and receive your sustainability score based on circular economy, emissions and social impact. You can also set sustainable target for your company, set a target road map, track your emission reduction and offset with real, trackable and certified carbon credits.

What's next for Ecofye

Although we are a young company we were delighted to be nominated as a top sustainability company in London 2021. Best Startup UK highlights small and medium enterprises from the UK to help them be recognised internationally. We can now look forward to offering environmentally impactful solutions to companies from all over the world.

Ecofye are currently being supported by 51�Թ��’s Enterprise Lab, inspiring the next generation of student innovators and entrepreneurs.

MSc Climate Change, Management & Finance

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2 minute read

How climate change is making our health worse: Yahoo News quotes Professor Marisa Miraldo

Evie Burrows-Taylor — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 09:56:32 +0000

How climate change is making our health worse: Yahoo News quotes Professor Marisa Miraldo Evie Burrows-Taylor Mon, 20/01/2025 - 09:56

16 January 2025

Health

Finance and institutional resilience

Balancing climate ambition and energy security: The case for renewable acceleration in Indonesia

Milica Fomicov — Wed, 15 Jan 2025 12:14:02 +0000

Balancing climate ambition and energy security: The case for renewable acceleration in Indonesia

Milica Fomicov Wed, 15/01/2025 - 12:14

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For a nation rich in natural sources for renewable power generation and with aggressive targets to decarbonise, Indonesia currently exploits just a fraction of its potential renewable power – could it accelerate the transition?

Indonesia harnesses just 0.3 per cent of an estimated 3.7 TW of potential renewable electricity. Yet the Southeast Asian nation has ambitions to slash its use of coal by 2040 – well ahead of a previous 2056 target. By then, the government aims to generate 75 GW of renewable energy, reaching climate neutrality by 2050 – a decade earlier than previously pledged.

These are highly ambitious targets for a nation reliant on coal for 67 per cent of power generation, compared to 12 per cent from renewables. Indonesia is the world’s fifth largest operator of coal fuelled electricity and seventh largest emitter of greenhouse gases.

But if the region’s largest economy can overcome barriers to adopting clean energy, could it become a trailblazer for other emerging economies in balancing energy security, economic growth and climate action?

Today, Indonesia’s energy sector requires not only hefty investment, but also radical reform.

These climate targets require an estimated 1.2 trillion USD by 2050 for clean energy generation, storage and transmission as per the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.

But despite its vast potential, investment in renewables in Southeast Asia has been scant to date. Funds have poured into Vietnam, with Indonesia lagging, despite its huge potential. For every USD invested in Southeast Asian renewables, another goes into fossil fuels – well above levels of Latin America at 0.2 USD and China at 0.3 USD.

Huge investment is also required to modernise distribution grids and energy storage across the islands to meet growing demand. Many islands and remote communities would benefit from the creation of local microgrids

What are the barriers to renewable investment?

Spread across a huge archipelago of some 17,000 islands, Indonesia faces logistical and political hurdles as well as financial. Renewable energy is often far from where it’s most required by industry.

State owned energy utility Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) holds a monopoly over energy generation, transmission and distribution. While the grid – currently designed around central coal fired stations - needs to modernise, private investment is hampered by PLN’s control of licences even in locations where it doesn’t currently operate, but might do so in the future.

There is also a shortage of renewable procurement possibilities. Industrial consumers could potentially generate their own green power from localised renewables rather than relying upon the centralised grid. But such projects might be dispersed far across the archipelago, and investors are often deterred by small scale, distant projects.

While renewable energy technology has improved and prices have fallen, the cost of financing remains high, partly down to uncertainty over energy policy. This reluctance will continue as long as Indonesia’s existing subsidies on coal and gas continue to influence energy prices.

Huge investment is also required to modernise distribution grids and energy storage across the islands to meet growing demand. Many islands and remote communities would benefit from the creation of local microgrids, but again this is constrained by PLN’s control of operations.

Progress has also been slow from Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition Plan (JETP), unveiled in 2022, which targets 20 billion USD to help Indonesia cut emissions. Although the US has withdrawn as a partner, the remaining nine international partners maintain this won’t hinder commitment, although only a fraction of funds pledged have been disbursed to date.

Policy priorities – how to unlock Indonesia’s renewable energy

Indonesia’s existing subsidies for fossil fuels should be addressed to create a level playing field for renewable energy. Contracts with fossil fuel power plants are too inflexible and could be renegotiated to accelerate the move away from coal.

More efficient and transparent costing for renewables, assisted by improved clean energy auctions would benefit the market. New feasibility studies and the acquisition of land would help improve the pipeline of new renewables projects.

Better mechanisms for international finance and a healthy domestic finance market would help drive investment.

State utility PLN could press ahead with ‘power wheeling’ – allowing private companies to sell renewable electricity directly to corporate customers using state-owned transmission and distribution infrastructure. This could unlock private investment for renewables and accelerate their development, as well as generating income for PLN – access to renewable energy can help attract investment from major global firms.

Positive steps towards innovation

An innovative ‘de-dieselisation’ (or diesel replacement) programme is underway to help Indonesia’s islands shift to renewables - some 2,000 islands currently rely upon diesel or have no energy supply. Since 2022, PLN has begun replacing more than 5,000 diesel power plants with renewable energy with the aim of bringing reliable cheap and clean power to communities. A first wave saw solar power installed in 94 locations, enabled by private investment, and future sites will also use biomass and mini-hydro generation. Ultimately the project aims to deliver 265 MW of renewable energy and provide 1.1 million new and improved connections, as well as creating some 350,000 jobs.

Further positive steps have been identified in our 51�Թ�� Business School and IEA ASEAN renewables report, including a JETP supported pledge to accelerate the closure of coal power plants and the announced early closure of a plant in West Java scheduled for this year. New policy initiatives in motion such as the New and Renewable Energy Bill could pave the way for more private investment.

Collaboration among international investors, the Indonesian government and the private sector is critical – but this can’t happen without policies to open Indonesia’s energy sector to competition and level the playing field for renewables, ultimately creating a more diversified energy market.

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