In this section
@article{Lian:2026:10.1016/j.bios.2026.119057,
author = {Lian, C and Li, M and Fenech-Salerno, B and Martins, TS and Wu, S and Holicky, M and Oliveira, ON and Cass, AEG and Torrisi, F},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2026.119057},
journal = {Biosens Bioelectron},
title = {A flexible graphene-printed sensing platform for real-time multi-analyte detection of pH, sodium, and potassium.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2026.119057},
volume = {312},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - Flexible point-of-care testing (PoCT) with simultaneous, real-time biomarker monitoring is essential for next-generation wearable health platforms. Here, we present a graphene-printed electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (EG-GFET) sensing platform fabricated on a flexible polyimide PCB substrate for multiplexed detection of pH, sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+). Graphene ink synthesised via liquid-phase exfoliation was spray-coated to form the active transistor channel. Optimised EG-GFET sensors achieved a pH sensitivity of 25.77±1.42mV/pH (shift of Dirac point) and 61.59±3.17μA/pH (modulation of drain current). Ion-selective membranes enabled selective Na+ and K+ sensing with sensitivities of - 61.28±2.95 mV/log10 [Na+] and - 56.09±3.28 mV/log10 [K+], respectively, over linear concentration ranges of 50μM - 350mM for Na+ and 50μM - 150mM for K+. The flexible devices maintained stable operation under bending angles up to 120°. Real-time dual-analyte experiments further demonstrated simultaneous pH/Na+ and pH/K+ monitoring with minimal observable cross-interference. The platform was further evaluated in acidic and alkaline artificial sweat for pH, Na+, and K+ sensing. These results establish a flexible printed EG-GFET platform for pH and electrolyte sensing in buffer solutions and selected artificial-biofluid matrices.
AU - Lian,C
AU - Li,M
AU - Fenech-Salerno,B
AU - Martins,TS
AU - Wu,S
AU - Holicky,M
AU - Oliveira,ON
AU - Cass,AEG
AU - Torrisi,F
DO - 10.1016/j.bios.2026.119057
PY - 2026///
TI - A flexible graphene-printed sensing platform for real-time multi-analyte detection of pH, sodium, and potassium.
T2 - Biosens Bioelectron
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2026.119057
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42501483
VL - 312
ER -
Dr Felice Torrisi
Senior Lecturer in Chemistry of Two-Dimensional Materials
401A
Molecular Sciences Research Hub
White City Campus
f.torrisi@imperial.ac.uk
+44 (0)20 7594 5818