In this section
@article{He:2026:10.1002/adfm.76368,
author = {He, Q and Zhou, Z and Kousseff, CJ and McCulloch, I and He, Q and Tam, TLD and Fu, H and Mathews, N and Leong, WL},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.76368},
journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},
title = {n-Type Accumulation-Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors as General Building Blocks for Low-Power Organic Artificial Neurons Enabling Multimodal Sensing Integration},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.76368},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - The human integumentary system encodes external stimuli into temporally and spatially patterned spike signals for transmission to the central nervous system. Inspired by this biological process, we present a symmetric cross-coupled organic neuron based on accumulative n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). By utilizing only two identical n-type accumulation-mode OECTs, our system reproduces ten distinct biologically relevant spiking behaviors and operates robustly across diverse semiconductors and electrolytes, establishing a material-general framework for OECT-based neurons. Its spiking dynamics can be modulated by ionic, optical, and mechanical stimuli. Coupling the low-power neuron with a photodetector further enables light-driven, energy-autonomous operation. The system also enables multimodal sensory integration and selective signal decoupling via frequency-division multiplexing, offering a potential route toward complex sensory processing. Separately, the system achieves functional biological integration by interfacing with Venus flytraps to control leaf closure via artificial spikes. These results establish our materials-versatile strategy as a versatile framework for constructing organic artificial neuromorphic systems, providing a new pathway toward next-generation material-independent neuromorphic architectures, multimodal sensory integration, and bio-interfacing technologies.
AU - He,Q
AU - Zhou,Z
AU - Kousseff,CJ
AU - McCulloch,I
AU - He,Q
AU - Tam,TLD
AU - Fu,H
AU - Mathews,N
AU - Leong,WL
DO - 10.1002/adfm.76368
PY - 2026///
SN - 1616-301X
TI - n-Type Accumulation-Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors as General Building Blocks for Low-Power Organic Artificial Neurons Enabling Multimodal Sensing Integration
T2 - Advanced Functional Materials
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.76368
ER -