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  • Journal article
    Goldman MV, Newman DL, Lapenta G, Andersson L, Gosling JT, Eriksson S, Markidis S, Eastwood JP, Ergun Ret al., 2014,

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 112, ISSN: 0031-9007
    • Cite
    • Citations: 56
  • Journal article
    Badman SV, Branduardi-Raymont G, Galand M, Hess SLG, Krupp N, Lamy L, Melin H, Tao Cet al., 2014,

    , Space Science Reviews, Vol: 187, Pages: 99-179, ISSN: 1572-9672

    The ionospheric response to auroral precipitation at the giant planets is reviewed,using models and observations. The emission processes for aurorae at radio, infrared, visible,ultraviolet, and X-ray wavelengths are described, and exemplified using ground- andspace-based observations. Comparisons between the emissions at different wavelengths are made, where possible, and interpreted in terms of precipitating particle characteristics oratmospheric conditions. Finally, the spatial distributions and dynamics of the various componentsof the aurorae (moon footprints, low-latitude, main oval, polar) are related to magnetosphericprocesses and boundaries, using theory, in situ, and remote observations, withthe aim of distinguishing between those related to internally-driven dynamics, and thoserelated to the solar wind interaction.
  • Journal article
    Messori G, Czaja A, 2014,

    , QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 140, Pages: 1377-1386, ISSN: 0035-9009
  • Journal article
    Shen C, Yang YY, Rong ZJ, Li X, Dunlop M, Carr CM, Liu ZX, Baker DN, Chen ZQ, Ji Y, Zeng Get al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 2458-2465, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 36
  • Journal article
    Fuselier SA, Frahm R, Lewis WS, Masters A, Mukherjee J, Petrinec SM, Sillanpaa IJet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 2563-2578, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 55
  • Journal article
    Pilkington NM, Achilleos N, Arridge CS, Masters A, Sergis N, Coates AJ, Dougherty MKet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 2858-2875, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 20
  • Journal article
    Kriegel H, Simon S, Meier P, Motschmann U, Saur J, Wennmacher A, Strobel DF, Dougherty MKet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 2740-2774, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 39
  • Journal article
    Meredith CJ, Alexeev II, Badman SV, Belenkaya ES, Cowley SWH, Dougherty MK, Kalegaev VV, Lewis GR, Nichols JDet al., 2014,

    , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 119, Pages: 1994-2008, ISSN: 2169-9402

    We examine a unique data set from seven Hubble Space Telescope (HST) “visits” that imagedSaturn’s northern dayside ultraviolet emissions exhibiting usual circumpolar “auroral oval” morphologies,during which Cassini measured the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) upstream of Saturn’s bow shock overintervals of several hours. The auroras generally consist of a dawn arc extending toward noon centered near~15° colatitude, together with intermittent patchy forms at ~10° colatitude and poleward thereof, locatedbetween noon and dusk. The dawn arc is a persistent feature, but exhibits variations in position, width, andintensity, which have no clear relationship with the concurrent IMF. However, the patchy postnoon aurorasare found to relate to the (suitably lagged and averaged) IMF Bz, being present during all four visits withpositive Bz and absent during all three visits with negative Bz. The most continuous such forms occur in thecase of strongest positive Bz. These results suggest that the postnoon forms are associated with reconnectionand open flux production at Saturn’s magnetopause, related to the similarly interpreted bifurcated auroral arcstructures previously observed in this local time sector in Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph data,whose details remain unresolved in these HST images. One of the intervals with negative IMF Bz howeverexhibits a prenoon patch of very high latitude emission extending poleward of the dawn arc to the magnetic/spin pole, suggestive of the occurrence of lobe reconnection. Overall, these data provide evidence ofsignificant IMF dependence in the morphology of Saturn’s dayside auroras.
  • Journal article
    Masters A, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa H, Russell CT, Coates AJ, Dougherty MKet al., 2014,

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 41, Pages: 1862-1868, ISSN: 0094-8276
    • Cite
    • Citations: 23
  • Journal article
    Cargill PJ, 2014,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 784, ISSN: 0004-637X
    • Cite
    • Citations: 73
  • Journal article
    Jasinski JM, Arridge CS, Lamy L, Leisner JS, Thomsen MF, Mitchell DG, Coates AJ, Radioti A, Jones GH, Roussos E, Krupp N, Grodent D, Dougherty MK, Waite JHet al., 2014,

    , Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 41, Pages: 1382-1388, ISSN: 1944-8007

    We report on the first analysis of magnetospheric cusp observations at Saturn by multiple insitu instruments onboard the Cassini spacecraft. Using this we infer the process of reconnection wasoccurring at Saturn’s magnetopause. This agrees with remote observations that showed the associatedauroral signatures of reconnection. Cassini crossed the northern cusp around noon local time along apoleward trajectory. The spacecraft observed ion energy-latitude dispersions—a characteristic signature ofthe terrestrial cusp. This ion dispersion is “stepped,” which shows that the reconnection is pulsed. The ionenergy-pitch angle dispersions suggest that the field-aligned distance from the cusp to the reconnectionsite varies between ∼27 and 51 RS. An intensification of lower frequencies of the Saturn kilometricradiation emissions suggests the prior arrival of a solar wind shock front, compressing the magnetosphereand providing more favorable conditions for magnetopause reconnection.
  • Journal article
    Hartmann DL, Ceppi P, 2014,

    , Journal of Climate, Vol: 27, Pages: 2444-2456, ISSN: 0894-8755

    The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations of global top-of-atmosphere radiative energy fluxes for the period March 2000–February 2013 are examined for robust trends and variability. The trend in Arctic ice is clearly evident in the time series of reflected shortwave radiation, which closely follows the record of ice extent. The data indicate that, for every 106 km2 decrease in September sea ice extent, annual-mean absorbed solar radiation averaged over 75°–90°N increases by 2.5 W m−2, or about 6 W m−2 between 2000 and 2012. CMIP5 models generally show a much smaller change in sea ice extent over the 1970–2012 period, but the relationship of sea ice extent to reflected shortwave is in good agreement with recent observations. Another robust trend during this period is an increase in reflected shortwave radiation in the zonal belt from 45° to 65°S. This trend is mostly related to increases in sea ice concentrations in the Southern Ocean and less directly related to cloudiness trends associated with the annular variability of the Southern Hemisphere. Models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) produce a scaling of cloud reflection to zonal wind increase that is similar to trend observations in regions separated from the direct effects of sea ice. Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) model responses over the Southern Ocean are not consistent with each other or with the observed shortwave trends in regions removed from the direct effect of sea ice.
  • Journal article
    Southwood DJ, Cowley SWH, 2014,

    , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 119, Pages: 1563-1571, ISSN: 2169-9380

    The recent survey by Andrews et al. (2012) of the separate northern and southern ~10.7 h periodic magnetic signals in Saturn's magnetosphere limits very much their governing current systems. The existence of signals with pure or close to pure northern or southern periods in respective polar caps taken with the relatively narrow bandwidth of the signals indicates that the actual periodicities are imposed independently from northern and southern polar regions, i.e., the open field line regions. Fieldaligned currents must flow on the boundaries of these regions to exclude signals from the other hemisphere. Equatorward of the polar cap, on closed magnetic shells, there are distinct north and south “cam” source currents, the distinction being made clear by a difference in polarization. We outline the consequences for the governing current systems and the implications for sustaining the energy and power dissipation in the system.
  • Journal article
    Mistry R, Dougherty MK, Masters A, Sulaiman AH, Allen EJet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 1514-1522, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Liu YD, Luhmann JG, Kajdic P, Kilpua EKJ, Lugaz N, Nitta NV, Moestl C, Lavraud B, Bale SD, Farrugia CJ, Galvin ABet al., 2014,

    , NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2041-1723
    • Cite
    • Citations: 251
  • Journal article
    Schwartz SJ, 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 1507-1512, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 10
  • Journal article
    Schmidt GA, Kelley M, Nazarenko L, Ruedy R, Russell GL, Aleinov I, Bauer M, Bauer SE, Bhat MK, Bleck R, Canuto V, Chen Y-H, Cheng Y, Clune TL, Del Genio A, de Fainchtein R, Faluvegi G, Hansen JE, Healy RJ, Kiang NY, Koch D, Lacis AA, LeGrande AN, Lerner J, Lo KK, Matthews EE, Menon S, Miller RL, Oinas V, Oloso AO, Perlwitz JP, Puma MJ, Putman WM, Rind D, Romanou A, Sato M, Shindell DT, Sun S, Syed RA, Tausnev N, Tsigaridis K, Unger N, Voulgarakis A, Yao M-S, Zhang Jet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS, Vol: 6, Pages: 141-184
    • Cite
    • Citations: 539
  • Journal article
    Simon S, Neubauer FM, Wennmacher A, Dougherty MKet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 2024-2037, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Cui J, Yelle RV, Li T, Snowden DS, Mueller-Wodarg ICFet al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 490-518, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Book chapter
    Mueller-Wodarg ICF, 2014,

    Titan's upper atmosphere: thermal structure, dynamics, and energetics

    , Titan: Interior, Surface, Atmosphere, and Space Environment, Editors: Müller-Wodarg, Griffith, Lellouch, Cravens, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 9780521199926

    Titan, the largest of Saturn's moons, shares remarkable similarities with Earth. Its thick atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen; it features the most complex organic chemistry known outside of Earth and, uniquely, hosts an analog to Earth's hydrological cycle, with methane forming clouds, rain and seas. Using the latest data from the ongoing Cassini–Huygens missions, laboratory measurements and numerical simulations, this comprehensive reference examines the physical processes that shape Titan's fascinating atmospheric structure and chemistry, weather, climate, circulation and surface geology. The text also surveys leading theories about Titan's origin and evolution, and assesses their implications for understanding the formation of other complex planetary bodies. Written by an international team of specialists, chapters offer detailed, comparative treatments of Titan's known properties and discuss the latest frontiers in the Cassini–Huygens mission, offering students and researchers of planetary science, geology, astronomy and space physics an insightful reference and guide.
  • Journal article
    Wicks RT, Roberts DA, Mallet A, Schekochihin AA, Horbury TS, Chen CHKet al., 2014,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 782, ISSN: 0004-637X
  • Journal article
    Gryspeerdt E, Stier P, Partridge DG, 2014,

    , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 14, Pages: 1141-1158, ISSN: 1680-7324
  • Journal article
    Weiss Z, Steers EBM, Pickering JC, Mushtaq Set al., 2014,

    , SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY, Vol: 92, Pages: 70-83, ISSN: 0584-8547
    • Cite
    • Citations: 14
  • Journal article
    Southwood D, 2014,

    Saturn's mysterious magnetism

    , ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Vol: 55, Pages: 13-18, ISSN: 1366-8781
  • Journal article
    Mitchell JJ, Schwartz SJ, 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 1080-1093, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 16
  • Journal article
    Andriopoulou M, Roussos E, Krupp N, Paranicas C, Thomsen M, Krimigis S, Dougherty MK, Glassmeier K-Het al., 2014,

    , ICARUS, Vol: 229, Pages: 57-70, ISSN: 0019-1035
    • Cite
    • Citations: 35
  • Journal article
    Collinson GA, Sibeck DG, Masters A, Shane N, Zhang TL, Fedorov A, Barabash S, Coates AJ, Moore TE, Slavin JA, Uritsky VM, Boardsen S, Sarantos Met al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 978-991, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 23
  • Journal article
    Pulupa MP, Bale SD, Salem C, Horaites Ket al., 2014,

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 119, Pages: 647-657, ISSN: 2169-9380
    • Cite
    • Citations: 33
  • Journal article
    Matteini L, Horbury TS, Neugebauer M, Goldstein BEet al., 2014,

    , Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 41, Pages: 259-265, ISSN: 0094-8276

    We report an analysis of correlations between magnetic field and velocity fluctuations in the fast solar wind beyond 1 AU at high latitudes. We have found that on scales shorter than the microstream structures, there exists a welldefined dependence of the flow speed on the angle between the magnetic field vector and the radial direction. Solar wind is found to be slightly faster when the measured magnetic field vector is transverse to the velocity, while it is always slower when the magnetic field is parallel, or antiparallel, to the radial direction. We show that this correlation is a direct consequence of the high Alfvénicity of fast wind fluctuations and that it can be reasonably described by a simple model taking into account the main properties of the lowfrequency antisunward Alfvén fluctuations as observed in the solar wind plasma. We also discuss how switchbacks, short periods of magnetic field reversals, naturally fit in this new observed correlation.
  • Journal article
    Chaston CC, Bonnell JW, Wygant JR, Mozer F, Bale SD, Kersten K, Breneman AW, Kletzing CA, Kurth WS, Hospodarsky GB, Smith CW, MacDonald EAet al., 2014,

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 41, Pages: 209-215, ISSN: 0094-8276
    • Cite
    • Citations: 76

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